This paper establishes a vulnerability and comprehensive competitiveness model, and uses TOPSIS and PCA to estimate resource-based cities' vulnerability and comprehensive competitiveness in Central Plains  Economic Region, and evaluates their relation through linear function. Their vulnerability has undergone first ascending and then descending tendency stage generally during 2006 to 2016 temporally, with lowest vulnerability in Puyang, Bozhou, Suzhou, Sanmenxia and Hebi spatially. Their comprehensive competitiveness has experienced an overall ascending but local descending tendency, with Jincheng, Changzhi, Huaibei and Luoyang seating on top 4 spatially. According to the linear analysis, vulnerability is negatively related to comprehensive competitiveness in Luoyang, Pingdingshan, Puyang, Nanyang, Suzhou, Bozhou, Handan and Xingtai, positively in Hebi, Jiaozhuo, Sanmenxia, Jincheng, Yuncheng and Huaibei.